Software "cracking" is the act of directly modifying the source code of a software applicationto bypass its licensing system entirely. As much as vendors hate to hear it: all applicationsinstalled on an end-users device are susceptible to cracking.
Build A Lot 2 Crack Keygen
Download Zip: https://relemisdutch.blogspot.com/?file=2vGUtr
Software cracks usually only work for a single version of a particular application, sincethe application code itself is modified to bypass any license checks (meaning a softwareupdate often requires an updated crack for the new application code.) Distributing acracked version of an application falls on the bad actor.
The other major attack vector is known as a software "keygen", which is much more ominous. Asits name may imply, a keygen is a form of software, often a separate program or webpage, thatgenerates valid license keys, i.e. a key-generator, or "keygen."
Most software vendors have some type of license keygen, which they keep secret. For example, aftera user submits a successful purchase order, part of the order process calls a key generator, whichgenerates a valid, legitimate license key for the new customer.
Depending on your key generation algorithm, a keygen like this may only be able to generate validkey for a single version of an application. But in the worst case, a bad actor can create a keygenthat generates valid license keys that work across all versions of an application, requiringa complete upheaval of the product's licensing system.
It's also worth mentioning that keygens are much more valuable to bad actors than cracks, becausea keygen can be used on the real application, vs the bad actor having to distribute a modified,cracked version of the application.
With that said, let's assume the role of a business that is about to release a new application.We're going to write a keygen that we, the business, can use to generate legitimate keys forour end-users after they purchase our product.
Our PKV keygen should be a tightly kept trade secret, because with it comes the power to craftlicense keys at-will. But we'll soon realize, much to our demise, keeping a PKV keygen secretis actually not possible.
Now, a keygen for production-use may have more subkeys, or the subkeys may be arrangedor intermingled differently, but the algorithm is still going to be more or less thesame. As will the algorithm's vulnerabilities.
Well, that's doubly not good, for them. And as Murphy's Law would predict, this keygen hasjust been submitted to a popular online message board that the business has no control over.The keygen grows in popularity, sales dip, stakeholders are unhappy.
Let's reclaim our role as bad actor. Users of our keygen are claiming that it no longerworks, which is weird because it was most definitely working before. They're paying usin cryptocurrency, and even though we're a bad guy, we like to keep our customers happy.
It's simple: once we start verifying the 2nd subkey, which the bad actor will once againwrite a keygen for, and then the 3rd subkey, we'll eventually run out of subkeys.Even if we use 100 subkeys, running out is inevitable.
It means that after we've rotated through verifying each of our subkeys, in our clever attemptat combatting the keygens, we'll soon have no more recourse. Sure, we can start blacklisting seedvalues directly in our application code, but that's a fool's errand when there's somethingworse than running out of subkeys.
Well, at the end of this scenario, once all subkey parameters have been leaked, the bad actorcan fully replicate our secret keygen! (After all, we've literally given them the keys to ourcastle. It was a slow trickle, but they were patient.)
Some applications will have a central point in the bytecode where this check happens, but othersharden their system by inlining the license key checks, making the work of a bad actor wanting tocrack the software much, much harder. But licensing is all essentially the same: it's a seriesof conditionals.
With that in mind, there's no benefit to using PKV, a licensing scheme that will eventuallyleak its secrets to any bad actor that is looking, vs. modern cryptography. It's not more secure,it's not easier to distribute, and it doesn't protect you from keygens. PKV is, by design,security through obscurity. And it should no longer be used.
After generating our keypair, we're going to want to keep those encoded keys in a safeplace. We'll use the private signing key for our keygen, and we'll use the publicverify key to verify authenticity of license keys within our application.
We've learned how legacy licensing systems, such as Partial Key Verification, canbe compromised by a bad actor, and how PKV is insecure by-design. We even wrote aPKV keygen ourselves. We then wrote a couple secure licensing systems using moderncryptography, implementing Ed25519 and RSA-2048 signature verification.
The good news is that unless a bad actor can break Ed25519 or RSA-2048, writinga keygen is effectively impossible. Besides, if a bad actor can break Ed25519 orRSA-2048 in 2021, we'll have much bigger things to worry about, anyways.
But remember, a crack != a keygen, so your application's licensing always runsthe risk of being circumvented via code modification. But license keys cannotbe forged when you utilize a licensing system built on modern cryptography.
There is a Search by BIN option. This is more inclusive than searching by address because some buildings have multiple addresses. This search will pull up all filings, even if you are not a stakeholder on the filing. However, an applicant can search by address on their own dashboard and this option is also available on the DOB NOW public portal (without logging in).
A job is an application submitted for construction work on a property, which can vary from making alterations to a single unit in an existing building or to constructing a new building with many units. Each job contains at least one filing but may contain multiple filings. Once an application is saved, a job number is generated. The job number acts as folder for all filings related to the job. All filings related to the same construction work should have the same job number and then an alphabetic and numeric extension that indicates the filing type and sequence: I-Initial, S-Subsequent, and P-Post Approval Amendment (PAA). Each additional filing on the job is called a subsequent filing and is usually created for a different work type. Each filing requires its own approval and permits. For example:
If data obtained from NYS Homes and Community Renewal (DHCR) indicates the building contains at least one rent-regulated unit, the owner is required in the Owner's Attestation section under Statements and Signatures to select Yes to Question 1 (occupied dwelling units during construction) and Yes to Question 5 (rent controlled or rent stabilized housing). This will remove the DHCR document from the required documents section of the filing. If No is selected to either of these questions, documentation is required to prove that the building will not be occupied during construction or does not contain any occupied rent regulated housing accommodations to proceed with the application.
The Demolition Sub-Contractor's information is required for General Construction (GC), Foundation (FO), Earthwork (EA) and Support of Excavation (SOE) filings when the Additional Considerations, Limitations or Restrictions section on the PW1 indicates that the work includes demolishing more than 50% of the floor area of the buildings." For Structural (ST) filings, a demolition sub-contractor is required when Partial Demolition is selected in the Structural Scope of Work. A permit may require a Site Safety Plan with or without the Demolition Sub-Contractor information. Demolition sub-contractors are general contractors with demolition endorsements on their registrations. The demolition sub-contractor has to log into DOB NOW to attest before the permit can be submitted.
When a permit is created, DOB NOW determines if PGL1 insurance is required (including demolition and size of the building) and one document called Project Specific General Liability (PGL1) needs to be provided. Use the online tool provided in eFiling to generate the certification document and upload it as one pdf with the ACORD form.
The fee exempt status of a filing is determined by the selection made in the Stakeholders section under Owner Information. If the Owner Type is selected as Non-Profit Organization, NYC Agency, Other Government Owned or NYCHA/HHC, then the fees will be removed and an ACRIS report is required to verify the building is tax exempt. See this guide.
If the job was created in DOB NOW before December 28, 2020 or the job was created in eFiling/BIS and requires a Site Safety Plan, submit the SSP by email to the Construction Safety Compliance Unit at cscplanexam@buildings.nyc.gov.
Site Safety Plans or waiver can be submitted in DOB NOW: Build before the job is approved. Once the job is submitted, the plan examiner will review the site safety criteria that includes the building height, stories, footprint, and additional considerations for alteration and demolition. A banner will appear on the filing and an email will be sent to the stakeholders on the job indicating that the site safety criteria has been approved and that the site safety plans can be submitted.
Request a waiver when the filing in DOB NOW triggers a site safety plan requirement in error. To request a waiver, reduction or modification of requirements of the site safety monitoring program, submit a completed CCD1 form to ccd1const-safety@buildings.nyc.gov. The determination request must address the content of BC 3310.11 and is subject to the review fees of the Administrative Code and 1 RCNY 101-03.
Previously only a Site Safety Plan for major buildings required DOB approval. For minor buildings, the Site Safety Plan was prepared and kept on the site. Have the requirements changed?
There is no change to the determinations process. Submit a completed CCD1 form to ccd1const-safety@buildings.nyc.gov. The determination request must address the content of BC 3310.11 and is subject to the review fees of the Administrative Code and 1 RCNY 101-03. 2ff7e9595c
Comments